Sociology Principles of College :: Sociology Essays

Sociology in Familiar Places ExpectationsNorms atomic number 18 found in each societies. Colleges atomic number 18 subcultures. There is a specific way of doing things and all campuses are different. Every nonpareil has expectations on how college life allow for be and the standards that come with it.More than a wish or a hope, an expectation is something a student believes ordain happen, anticipates doing or experiencing. Expectations are grounded in a students self- instinct and in knowledge some the college or university at which he or she plans to spend the next quaternity years or more. This superior justification of what a college student foresees by Robert Gonyea, really depicts what a scholar looks forward to in his or her college years. When expectations are applied to the student it is treated as a plan or a goal. However, when intended for the institution, it is looked upon as an obligation. There are so numerous ideas one thinks of when starting a new chapter in l ife. Some chance(a) deliberations include parties, freedom, higher workload, dating, and leaving the comfort zone of high school. In reality, many of these things dont change, while others alter signifi canfultly.A ordinary expectation of the college life is more freedom in weft. Classes are interpreted upon his or her own schedule. Everyone, besides getting the general education push through of the way, has a decision of what classes to take. Classes begin focusing on the career be pursued, rather than faculty and school regulations. The possibilities are endless in college. This is what created the saying, You can be anything you want to be. This has been said a million times and will be heard a million more. With this newfound freedom of choice comes responsibility.Ditching class has now become something of the past. Unlike high school, classes cost money. paying(a) for education makes it to where the people who actually want to be there will be, rather than idlers that are there only by force. No one cares if you skip class. Everything, including the grade, is up to the student. Although half the time, professors rarely even take role, lacking(p) one class can result in not understanding the newt two weeks worth of work or more. Choose to go to class or not, but if not, the student is paying to fail a class.Goals should be set to avoid skipping of classes. To maximize learning and involvement during the eldest year of college, students need to set personal goals that are high complete so that they must try their best in classes and use campus resources to enlarge what they are learning in their classes.

MARKET ANALYSIS :: essays research papers

MARKET ANALYSISExcalibur is faced with the exciting probability of being the first-mover in the restaurant sport bar market. The consistent popularity of young-bearing(prenominal) achievements, combined with the growing interest in female sports, has been proven to be a winning concept in other markets and result constitute the same results in Atlanta.Market SegmentationWe see Excalibur as likeable to three major market segments. Fortunately, the long, late night hours of operation allow help Excalibur lend itself to multiple segment put forward. Our market segmentation plot allows some room for estimates and nonspecific definitions.1.     College Students--By creating an environment that is appealing to college students, we secure a natural progression between the student and the young professional. Through vocalize of m turn uph, Excalibur expects an increase of five percent annually from this segment. 2.     Tourists and Business T ravelers--More and more transmission line and travelers and tourists are finding themselves in Atlanta every year as is made evident by the increased demand and subsequent refinement of the local airport. We plan to reach these people through direct merchandising to local hotel patrons. We anticipate a 20% annual growth stray in this segment. As our relationships grow with the local hotels, so too will the word of mouth recommendations from the hotel staff as well as the patronizing of our sports bar by their families and friends. Our future plan is to publish a simple(a) website in order to create awareness to any traveler who wants to watch an advanced look at the club before their visit. 3.     Young Professionals--Due to our law of proximity to the downtown and midtown area, we must appeal to female adults. Whether it is a group of friends out to see a movie together or a muliebrity who want to just go out and relax, these people need a place to eat/d rink either before and/or afterwards their movie. These customers will range in age from 27 to 40. Excalibur will appeal to this category by switching the tempo and entertainment to be more appealing to adults as it gets later into the evening. We also anticipate a 15% annual growth pass judgment in tandem with the growth rate of Atlanta and through increased popularity.The following chart and table blueprint the target market segments for Excalibur, and include annual growth projections.Potential Customers       return      2002      2003      2004      2005      CAGR      Young Professionals      15%      151,800      174,570      200,756      230,869      15.00%      College Students    &nb sp 5%      105,000      110,250      115,763      121,551      5.00%      Tourists/Business Travelers      20%      120,000      144,000      172,800      207,360      20.

Increasing Hate Crime Awareness in the US Essay

Though latest report released last October 2006 by the US Department of Justice FBIs Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) curriculum showed a decrease in total number of reported incidents, 7,163 in 2005 vs. 7,649 in 2004 (Hate Crime Statistics 2005), there has been an inversely growing awargonness on this topic among various stakeholders legislators, law enforcement officials, and the American public such that shape abhor crime has become a part of everyday vocabulary among Americans.Three factors contributed to this growing awareness. Firstly, the organizational initiatives, normally the offended party radical in order to protect their civil rights, are taking energetic roles, through their advocacy campaigns, support services and rearing programs.Prominent proponents, among others, are American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) for all Americans, Anti-Defamation League (ADL) for the Jewish, Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG), Massachusetts situation on Disability (MOD) , La Alianza Hispana for the Latin-Hispanics and National Association for the Advancement of diagonal People (NAACP) for African-American group. Secondly, the Federal Government on its part, through the DAs Office has a Civil Rights Unit composed of attorneys for education and intervention services, working in cooperation with victim-witness advocates.In addition, Governors undertaking Force on Hate Crime has its Stop the Hate Website go promoting awareness of hate crimes and providing resources for responding to and preventing such acts. Thirdly, concerned group initiatives, such as NGOs in the likes of Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) that combats hate, intolerance and divergence through education programs and litigations, play an independent, third-party role in increasing hate crime awareness.

Motivation and Learning in Physical Education

corporal Education is undoubtedly important in the total development of the private pupil. It is beneficial not plainly in the corporal sense notwithstanding also in the intellectual and emotional aspect of the child. In the somatogenic sense, the childs corporal self-concept is influenced by the runs and accomplishments in execute and sports. Jarmo Liukkonin pointed let on that the resulting self-concept relies heavily on social comparison process, this means that the reference assembly and the class purlieu contri besidese to the developing self concept (p 137).In view of the above, this paper intends to earmark an overview of the erudition military position in the bodily study as well as an analysis of the issues in motiveal hireing in tangible discipline, particularly on how effective ar the incompatible approaches to learning and training. This paper will also discuss on the application of the antithetic theories ab let out whether or not they argon r ecyclable in the class style instruction. At the cultivation part, is a grounds take up of a particular bookman featuring particular issue on the schoolchilds physical, intellectual, and emotional growth.In general the paper will be more on analysis of the motivational and learning process in physical culture involving all the various factors such as teachers, students, the different approaches consumptiond, and the relevancy of the different theories in physical direction.OverviewResearch and association in material Education has been in rapid expansion over the last twenty eld concerning the many factors that influence the learning and teaching of the Physical Education. Colin A. inflexible and Michael Mawer pointed out that this learning and teaching include such issues as the context in which physical education teachers work, what teachers think about when they atomic number 18 teaching and planning their teaching, and the knowledge they require to teach effectively (p. 1). Colin Hardy and Michael Mawers view seemed to be pragmatic yet analytical of the learning slur of the physical education.They were quite critical also of the enormous years spent on research yet it was only in recent years that the real emphasis on physical education was put on the limelight. They contend that despite of such amount of quantify spent on research, Hardy and Mawer contends that it is only in current years that research has begun to provide an insight into what physical education teachers discover about their role and their lives in teaching, and what pupils themselves feel about the physical education they experience in grooms.In order to take cargon fully the importance of physical education posit, the brain why is physical activity valued deserves an answer. Katherine T. doubting Thomas cited the health eudaemonia associated with physically wide awake lifestyle as will as some other physical advantages resulting from physical exercise. Thomas po inted out,One reason we value physical activity is the health benefit associated with physically restless lifestyle. new(prenominal) reasons are the developmental wishing to explore and master our environment, to express our selves finished movement, and to feel satisfaction resulting from successful movement. Physical activity also provides an opportunity for affiliation. creation part of a groupas a fan, a squad member, or a walking partnermeets human need (p. 5)Thomas thinking on this subject is certainly practical and seemingly base on actual personal experience. Her statement sounds to be a rock-steady advice for anyone whose health condition is not in the best state. Indeed, physical education truly brings a lot of physical benefit to our physical body.Other authors however emphasized the achievement of destruction in order to understand the motivation and behavior of physical activity such as in sport. Robert Daniel Steadward, Elizabeth Jane Watkinson, and Garry Davi d wheeler observe some authors such as Nichols (1984, 1989) and Harters (1978) which pointed out the goal concept speculation. According to them, the concept of the achievement goal theory, refer to how throng evaluate their competence. It assumes that individual are driven to demonstrate competence, and that perceptions of competence are critical determinant of motivated behavior.Analysis of the Issues in Motivational scholarship in Physical EducationThe issue that I found interest group is how effective are the different approaches to learning and teaching. Susan Piotrowski noted that there is no single approach is going to be the most effective focusing to cater for progression and continuity. She pointed out that several or all of these approaches need to be used in concert to achieved effective progression and continuity in the transportation system from primary and secondary school. Piotrowski stated that what will work in any one situation depends on a number of facto rs, including the schools and their transfer structures and procedures, the head teachers, primary and secondary education teachers and their ability to work together collaboratively (p. 204).Piotrowski further stated that local conditions, facilities, expertise, and policies have a bearing on the type of curriculum that can be realistically offered in both primary and secondary in any given area. It is quite light-colored to accept Piotrowskis view as it draws a practical option. no matter of how others would look at the learning process, I believe it is complicated in the sense that physical education students have different level of intelligence, different cultural orientation, and physical and emotional developments, which affects their admit learning process.Thus Piotrowski wisely stated that there is no single approach is going to be effective, and that combining two or more of the various approaches may be more effective. On the other hand, Colin Hardy proposeed that more pupil-centered and less localise teaching approaches would allow pupils to take a more independent and active role in decision making in physical education lessons. Ken Green and Ken Hardman, quoting Kane, (1976), Underwood (1988), and Wright (1995) identified differences in teaching approaches used in physical education either due to the demands of different activities or different intended out comes.Green Hardman pointed out that the recommendation, which suggest that in order to achieve the range of the learning outcomes, teachers should employ a variety of teaching strategies to cater for differences in pupils abilities, attainment, needs, and ages (p. 112). Green and Hardman also acknowledge that there is a need for employing variety of teaching strategies. But they noted that this is because of the demands of the different activities, or the different intended outcome.Regardless of the reason, it is clear that there is a need for teachers to employ variety of approaches in the motivational learning in physical education, to insure progressive learning process. These approaches, however, must be suited to the local conditions, expertise of the teacher, facilities, and policies, all of which have bearing on the type of curriculum.An Application of the relevant theories from each topicTheories on motivation and learning in physical education have been formulated in an attempt to extend our fellow feeling of the teaching and learning process. Among these theories, the theory of constructivism, the theory of behaviorism, and the theory of cognitive mediation are particularly helpful in understanding the learning process in physical education.Stephen J. Silverman and Catherine D. Ennis explained that Cognitive intermediation Theory recognizes the significance of documentation activities in the learning process. This explains that what students do in classes is an important step, or mediating factor, between what teachers do and what students learn (p. 151 ). According to them, what the students do in classes affect also what teachers do. Basically, these activities shape teachers lesson and students understanding of the lesson. Here is the full explanation of Silverman and Ennis regarding this theoryAlthough this modification seems so simple, it is a powerful reconceptualization of the role of the teacher. Rather than directly causing learning, as inferred in the process product paradigm, the teacher from this perspective has the job of structuring the learning environment in a way that encourages students to think and act in ways that will, in turn, enables them to learn (p. 151)The main architect of the constructivism theory is Von Glasersfeld (1987), which views students as active agents in their learning. According to this view, students brings with them to an educational setting prior knowledge and experiences from which they comprise and give meaning to their present experience (p. 151).Silverman and Ennis noted that in this theory, knowledge is not something transmitted from the teacher to the students but learner constructs knowledge through her or his interpretation of events from the framework of prior experience, in effect, building or constructing knowledge that has individual meaning. To apply this theory, teacher must relate the lesson on students sphere of experience and allow students to explore the given knowledge utilizing their make experience. As a result, students will gain meaningful experience out of the new knowledge learned in the classroom.On the other hand, adherents of behavioral theory emphasized that the study of learning focused on the committal to memory of simple and rote learning elements and on the behavior of the learner. Silverman and Ennis pointed out, This view of learning focuses on the learner as a rather passive responder to externally imposed factors (p. 134). Silverman and Ennis stated that this theoretical lens views students as recipients and accumulators of knowledge, able to learn by listening to lectures, by reading or by rote drill and practice of isolated decontextualized skills.This particular theory is very epoch-making in most studies wherein students have to gain basic understanding of theories of studies ahead finding the general concept such as in the lawsuit of nursing in which fundamental issues such as anatomy and health ethics must be memorized well before finding its relevance to the field of work. acquisition all these theories provide ample understanding as to how students could learns best the subject of physical education. It means that teachers must employ the use of these theories in their teaching strategies in order to ensure efficient learning process. Physical Education as a subject is not that kindle for many students and in that consequence, teachers must make every learning situation a worthwhile experience. Hence, applying these theories can help learning enjoyable and fruitful.In the cognitive theory, students learn through the activities. It means, the physical activities in the physical education provide the pupils learning opportunity. In many cases, this subject is most of the time seventy-percent activities with thirty-percent lectures. Students are expected to learn from physical exercise of the techniques with occasional learn from the instructors. They learn from trying and from their mistakes.Using Constructivism Theory, students learn by utilizing their own interest and socialization in the learning process. By relating physical exercises in their own experience will result to students acceptability of the learning situation, which may result to higher learning of the subject.Behavioral Theory could be applicable in terms of learning the theories of the subject. Here, students are expected to memorize different terminologies and techniques of the subject as well as history and rules of the game.Below is a case study of a student in high school who has an plain intell igence yet performing just above average student. eccentric Study of a StudentRick is a high school with obvious sophisticated intelligence but performs just just above average student in most of his academic subjects in school. Although, he excelled in Mathematics, but his ratings in his physical education class has been sorry because he is not participating in all the physical education activities class. He has a lung problem that is why he does not come in in his physical education class.According to the theory of cognitive mediation, reinforcement activities in school such as physical activities in the physical education class, shape the teachers lesson and the student understanding. The theory of cognitive mediation implies that student learning can be cause by these activities too. In the case of Rick, although he has obviously sophisticated intelligence, yet his academic performance reflects merely that of above average student. Ricks problem is that because of his inactiv e physical condition, his learning potentiality is not fully consummated. Learning coming from his experience of the physical exercise is lacking.The theory of constructivism also teaches that experience provides learning aside from the class room instructions. The theory of constructivism emphasized that knowledge is not something transmitted from the teacher but learner constructs their knowledge through their experience. Ricks knowledge has been only a result of spoon-feed learning. He could have excelled in all his subjects had he tried himself to be involve in the physical activities in his physical education class. On the other hand, Rick can be a good model in the behavioral theory of learning as the behavioral theory emphasized that students are passive responder of the externally imposed factors.In general, the theories of learning have been great help in the learning process.Work CitedCapel, S. & Piotrowski, S (eds). 2000. Issues in Physical Education. capital of the U nited Kingdom Routledge.Green, K. & Hardman, K. 2005. Physical Education Essential Issues. London Sage Publications confederacyHardy, C.& Mawer, M. 1999. Learning and Teaching in Physical Education. Great Britain Biddles Ltd.Liukkonen, J. 2007. psychological science for Physical Educators Students Focus, second Edition. USA piece Kinetics.Silverman, S. & Ennis, C. 2003. Student Learning in Physical Education Applying Research to Enhance Instruction. USA Human Kinetics.Steadworth, R.,Watkinson, E. & Wheiler, 2003. G. Adapted Physical Activity. Canada University of Alberta Press.Thomas, K. 2003. Physical Education Methods for Elementary Teachers 2nd Edition. USA Human Kinesics.  

Eschools as Organisations Post 16 Options for Young People and Adults Essay

1. 2 Explain the post 16 options for early people and adults Once a young person has reached year 11 there atomic number 18 a number of choices to choose ab egress their future, this could be choosing a new course at school or college or entering employment and educate. These options will give them a good small on building a future career. Post 16- sojourn in full time education either sixth abidance or at a local college. Depending on their results they tail fill from the list below- Post 17- If they have just realised a one-year course, following Year 12, they may decide to go by their studies full time or look for business enterprises and training-Post 18- Following Year 13, they will have a number of choices to make about their future. They may decide to continue their studies full time or look for jobs or training. List of options for post 16, 17 and 18. family at entry aim- Entry take aim courses do not require any exam passes and commonly take one or deuce h istoric period to complete, a course at this level is an Entry take Certificate. Course at direct 1(foundation direct) Foundation level courses do not ordinarily require any exam passes.Depending on which course they do it commonly takes either one or two years to complete. Examples of courses at this level are -Introductory Certificates/Diplomas -National First Award (level 1) -National certificate/Award (level 1) -GCSEs -NVQ Level 1 welsh Baccalaureate Qualification (foundation Level) All foundation Level courses can lead to higher(prenominal) level courses or forge and training. Courses at level 2 (intermediate level) negotiate Level courses may require two or three passes at grades DG and they usually take two years to complete.Examples of courses at this level are GCSEs First Certificates/Diplomas National Certificates/Awards (Level 2) NVQ Level 2 Foundation assimilatorship welch Baccalaureate Qualification (Intermediate) All Intermediate Level courses can lea d to higher level course or jobs with training. (Providing they have got the grades involve). Courses at level 3 (advanced level) Four or fin GCSEs at grades A*- C or equivalents are usually required for entry. Depending on the type of course, they generally take either one or two years to complete.Examples of courses at this level are AS/A levels, including applied A levels National Diploma International Baccalaureate rip off Baccalaureate Qualification (Advanced) NVQ Level 3 Apprenticeship. All Advanced Level courses can lead to higher education or jobs and training (providing they get the grades required in the appropriate subjects). Welsh Baccalaureate Qualification- The Welsh Bac is now becoming available to more learners throughout Wales in schools, colleges and work-based settings. It allows for more flexibility in their studies.They will also develop skills and learning styles that induce you for further and higher education, as hale as the world of work. The We lsh Bac consists of two parts Core consisting of volt components An Individual Investigation (which is the like a project) into a subject of their own choice. Wales, Europe and the World get wind Skills Work-related education Personal and social education. Options where they choose from course/ course of instructions that are before long offered, for example GCSE AS/A levels VCE (Vocational A levels) NVQ BTEC OCR. New Principal acquire and Project Qualification will also be available as option within the Welsh Bac. Apprenticeships Apprenticeships bring them formal qualifications and highly proper(postnominal) work skills. They must be employed so they will be earning while they learn. They can also use Apprenticeship as a stepping jewel to higher qualifications. As an Apprentice, their skills and role are respected, many top managers commenceed out by learning a trade and understanding how the organisation deeds from the ground up. To gain access to an apprenti ceship applicants would need Four or five GCSEs at grade C or above are usually needed. Theyd be paid while they learn the skills that employers are tone for. Theyd gain an NVQ Level 3 qualification as an Apprentice or a Level 2 qualification as a foundation Apprentice. Higher Apprenticeships are also available at a Level 4 or above. Traineeships If the student was leaving school or college a Traineeship could function them get the skills needed to get a job or come along to further learning at a higher level, for example Apprenticeships or further education.In most cases they can light on a Traineeship at any point during the year and they assumet need any formal qualifications to access the programme. There are different levels of Traineeship. (Post 18) Engagement If they are finding it difficult to find the pay off job, get into work or develop their skills and learning, this level will help prepare them for the world of work or full time learning. This level can take work placements, community projects or training.Level 1 If they know what career they want to follow and are ready for regular learning at Level 1, this level will allow them to progress their skills further in their chosen subject and can also include work placements and community projects. If they have successfully completed a Level 1 and are still out of work, they maybe eligible to start learning at Level 2. Voluntary work As well as doing something worthwhile and rewarding in its own right, voluntary work can also be a good way of gaining skills and experience, specially if they dont find a job or training right away.It also looks good on a CV. Youth admission If they need some extra help and support before applying for a course, job or training, Youth Gateway is a short programme run by Careers Wales to help them with identifying and developing skills, job search, making applications and choosing able courses. Information on this can found at the local Careers Wales Centre . Direct. Gov 15 April 2012 www. education. gov. uk 1 April 2012 wales. gov. uk 1 April 2012.

Business Vocabulary Mix Essay

1. Instant messaging- a form of communication in which fontd schoolbook is sent from unrivalled person to another over the internet. 2. Spam- unrequested electronic junk mail or advertisements, sent as an email 3. Emoticon- an expression composed of ordinary char acquiters on a ph one or computer that represent the writers mood or facial expressions. 4. Signature- a block of textual matter automatically appended at the bottom of e-mails. The text may include the senders name, title, etc. 5. Tagline- a shibboleth or memorable phrase attached to the end of an email that conveys a message from the sender 6. Threads- a series of newsgroup messages dealing with the same subject.7. friendly Networking- the use of a wav space to connect with people who share personal or professional interests 8. E-mail- a message sent electronically from one person to another via links between computers or terminals 9. Blog- a type of web place that displays in chronological order the postings by o ne or more individuals and usually has links to comments on specific postings 10. appear Engine Optimization- the process of improving the traffic to a web site from search engines 11. Social Norms- the rules that a society uses for appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors 12. Sexting- the act of sending sexually explicit and/or suggestive content via text messaging.13. Inflection- Modulation of the voice change in pitch or stones throw of voice to help convey meaning. 14. Cyber Bullying- when a child or teenage is threatened, harassed or otherwise targeted by another child or teen using a form of technology 15. Flaming- a virtual(prenominal) term for venting emotion or sending inflammatory e-mails. 16. Attachments- computing machine files sent along with an e-mail message which can be accessed by the recipient of the e-mail. 17. Snail mail- a term used to refer to letter carried by traditional postal delivery services. 18. Texting- sending brief w ritten messages from one person to another via cellular phones.

Dear Sahara Shadow Knights: The Unsung Hero’s

Chapter One Sweat and fundThe stars twinkled with ferocity as I stared at them through the window of my board, the unprovoked up of the moon brightened up my room with a natural g sm tout ensemble in all-scale. My face was milklike tweed, and my accouterments glowed with a unobjectionable aura, in this natural light attest the moon provided. I sighed at the vast emptiness of space and move to stare into the distance with the dazed stare I was all only when famous for. I heard a knocking on my admission that echoed throughout every corner of my room. A voice boomed out everyplace the residual echo of the knockingJesse, Jess are you there, were late for our trainingI once again sighed at the deep dispirited abyss that placed in front of me. I got out of my seat and stretched my arms up in the air. The voice and knocking continuedJesse, answer me are you thereI brought my hand to my fore drift and belatedly dragged it spile. I replied with a nothingness of anger in m y voiceYes I am here, and I told you its ShadowWolf now, that is my elect Knight name.The voice replied with a sense of sarcasm hindering in itYes your knightness, but hey if you ever wish to BE one you should get you female genitals out here and get to the training room like we were hypothetical to be.The voice stopped temporarily then winkd up again with yelled hasteTen minutes ago the reign will be very angryThe voice stopped and the silence was apace followed by hard full of hollow leg it steps running down the hall. I make my way to the door slowly, whistling a low and sweet and sweet tune that matched perfectly with the milky white light that softly filled the room. I pressed the button and the door flew cleared with a loud swhooch. The sound echoed down the empty metal halls. I stepped forward down the hall with the carefree speed of a churl going to school. My long journey down the metal halls had brought me to a thumping grey door, above it place ever so careful ly the wrangling Training Room. I pushed the door open all the period whistling the tune I had begun in my room so off the beaten track(predicate) back. Everyone in the room drew silent as I walked past tense them, a large robed homosexual stared at me with a dismal grin of disappointment. He shook his head in a blackball fashion as he said to meYour late again, Mr Jesse. You know if you save up this up you wont reach knight level.I looked down at my arm and brushed some dirt off my suit and replied glooming masters, some things came up. You know?The master replied to me with angerThat is no excuse, if you wish to do a great knight like your father you need to iron out up, and fly right for there will be a snip that comes you will wish you had.I lowered my head in shame, and replied with earnestnessIm sorry master, I truly am.The master sighed and stared at me with a sub nerved madnessGet into position, and then we may continue.My training ensued, numerous drills of both carnal and mental variety of which leftover me exaughsted and causey. I Panted for air and rested my detainment on me knees as I bent over to catch my breathe. I looked at the ground below me and the metal glistened with my sweat provided a condemnation of myself. I was a young man, full bodied face with my copper auburn red, my eyes were mud brown, and my aftershave left me with a rugged look.The armor I wore was a dark black decorative vest the white flaps that came down from this vest synchronized their movements with my panting, under this was my shirt, soft and partial(p) on the remains with white scaled sleeves that reflected any light that fey their polished surface, below this was my gloves bulgy and black they stood out next to my white sleeves as a flame stands out in front of the dark, adjacent to this was my skirt it was black as space with triangles of white at the can buoy and top, and it all was held together by my black boots polished to a illumination t hat was unparalleled to former(a)s in the class.My panting continued with no end in sight, a student came behind me and slapped me on the back.Haha, suck it up man were not even done yet.I tried to form my words to say something ,but nothing ,but panting came out. I raised my hand and wiped the sweat from my forehead that had been shake offping down forming a fairly large make below me. At that moment a large sound perforated my ears with the high-pitched scream that made me fall over into my puddle of sweat. I pushed my aching body up and spit on the floor as I dragged my hand over my face to get rid of the sweat.What the heck is that I yelled over the soundThe master stared at us with knockout stare, he mouth slowly opened to sayIts the alarm. We are under attackThe loud simultaneous yelp of what filled the room to be chop-chop white washed with the alarms high-pitched scream. The master slowly walked to the other side of the room where a small black box sit down on the wal l. The master pushed the buttons with the speed of a huurton as a piece of the wall swung open to reveal an array of weapons and backpacks.Get geared up and ready, this is what we all have been training forHis words filled the room and for a moment seemed to be the only things I could hear. I panted furiously and coughed rapidly. rose up from my bent over position with the shaking slowness of a person that just got pummeled with a stun baton. We all ran towards the room as the alarm seemed to grow louder with each yelp. The room lay filled with wide Vibro Axes, the glare of light that reflected off of them blinded me as I slowly made my way in.I grabbed an Axe and rushed out of the room and fell back into the formation the class was in as I had entered. The sound of ion cannons and TIE engines filled the room and overpowered the alarms loud noise. The master made his way slowly across the room as if nothing was happening.The master then stopped 10 feet in front of us all and smile d with a wicked grin. He raised his arm slowly and pointed at one half(prenominal) of the class, he motioned them to take the exit to the right. The students did a drink in and rushed out of the room, all armed with pikes and pistols. He pointed at our half now and motioned them to the left exit. He then walked towards me, he rubbed his eyes and midget then set his hand on my shoulder.Lets just hope you well-read enough.I looked at him with a confused glare, he laughed and motioned at the left exit again. I was now running down the hall the sounds of my footsteps were all but unheard under the yelp of the alarms screaming every second, my body was still aching from training, and my leg wobbly from the idea of the battle that laid ahead. My foot stumbled to the side and balance became harder to maintain, I continued running until my foot tripped over what felt like a pike. My body flew forward and spun to the side a little, my body hit the floor in one cosmic boom, and I began t o tumble forward on the ground, my pike has dislodged from my holster on come to and now spun in the air ahead of me hitting the walls causing sparks to flare in its wake.I finally stopped when I hit something, the sound of a splash boomed in my ears, my hair now filled with a cold liquid splashed. I slowly got up and grabbed the back of my head to help soften the pain that now overwhelmed me. I felt something squash in my hair as I pressed down, I quickly brought it to my face to reveal blood soaking over my hand. I quickly turned around to see a puddle of blood star(p) up to a stormtrooper whose neck was half way cut off. I panted fast and licked my lips, the sweat that lay dormant now began to drip into the puddle and mix with the blood, this mixture of sweat and blood made my brook churn as it continued to spread out on the ground.

Koyal – a Multi-Purpose Expert System – Md-Cob-Coa Knowledge Representation Using Prolog in J2Se

Koyal A Multi-purpose Expert System MD-CoB-CoA familiarity Representation Using PROLOG in J2SE Prof. Sreedhar Babu Department of Electrical Engineering Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri, Kerala email&160protected com Archana, Vineeth &038 Veena Department of calculating machine Science &038 Applications Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri, Kerala email&160protected com Abstract Expert arrangings be AI? s greatest commercial success. It is a research-oriented application bea of AI. An intellectual corpse uses friendship specific to a problem dobriny to deliver the goods expert quality performance.Predicate logic is being utilise for association ideal which is further programmed development PROLOG conclusion locomotive for deriving good for you(p) conclusions. The new research paper introduces a rule- d soundlying ho apply expert dodging that provides a medical diagnosis for determining the health problems and classification of birds and zoologys. The drug u ser has to possess well-nigh companionship around these topics so that he can motion the agreement. Three knowledge bases are provided for each domain. The specialized computer wrangle PROLOG embedded into J2SE is used to develop this clay.Keywords-comp angiotensin converting enzyment Expert System familiarity-base medical Diagnosis, Rule- ground ES, Knowledge mental representation PROLOG J2SE. 1. INTRODUCTION THE KOYAL EXPERT corpse The current paper of Koyal has mainly two modules 1. 1. Knowledge Base 1. 2. user user embrasure 1. 1 Knowledge Base 1 &038 2 Mainly, three knowledge bases are involve for the remains. They are bird? s knowledge base for identifying a bird, animal knowledge base for identifying an animal and a disease knowledge base for medical diagnose. The outline uses this knowledge base for finding solutions.Knowledge is represented in rule-based format. The rule of the corpse is in the form of IF first effrontery and second premise, and . THEN conclusion This is semantically same as a logic programming rule conclusionfirst_ premise, second_ premise, Premises are written as pass judgment-value pair. The attribute is represented as a affirm and the value as the argument to the tell. Each knowledge base testament waste to make water a high-level address, which calls the sub goals to be meet. When all the premises are satisfied, then the final conclusion is obtained. . 2. User Interface The user interface is the Prolog interpreter? s interface, and the input data is stored directly in the program. It is implemented in Java by sending the prolog consequence engine into the java program. The prolog program itself will provide a user interface. The affirm take up and carteask will provide these functions. The ask is liable is for suck upting the information from the user and remembering the user? s response. The ask predicate will have to determine from the user whether or not a given attribute-value pair is tr ue.The ask prompts the user with the requested attribute and value and seeks confirmation or denial of the proposed information. The ask is represented as object-attribute-value triples where the attribute values are tied to various objects in the system. The menuask will further improve the user interface by adding a menu capability which gives the user a list of possible values for an attribute. The main precondition of our Koyal System is that a park user who has no knowledge about the specialized domain? annot interact with the system and in such a situation the output accuracy will depend on the user inputs. 2. Description of the System Flow The system flow map represented in the figure 2 displays the flow of the information from one process to another . We can say that it is a detailed representation of the structured chart in the Fig. 2. 1. 2. 1. User The user will acquaint the text and this text is passed to the deduction engine. 2. 2. Inference Engine A rule-based syst em requires some kind of program to manipulate the rules for example to decide which ones are ready to fire. (i. . which ones have conditions that match the contents of working computer storage). The program that does this is called an conclusion engine, because in m any(prenominal) rule-based systems, the task of the system is to infer something from knowledge base. This deduction engine will prove or disprove the goal/rules in the knowledge base and used to derive conclusions. e. g. a diagnosis, from the data using the rules. 2. 3. Knowledge base The knowledge base contains rules which describe general knowledge about a particular problem domain. 2. 4. User Interface The User Interface will interact with the user i. e. it will query the user for getting information to satisfy goals inside knowledge base. The predicates ask and menuask works here to gather information from user. 2. 5. Working Memory The working memory of a rule-based system is a store of information used by th e system to decide which of the condition-action rules in the knowledge base is able to be fire. It might be used to store intermediate conclusions i. e. the satisfied goals and any other information inferred by the system from the data (using the condition-action rules). Finally the inference engine will infer the working memory more solution. . Knowledge Representation Using PL 4 &038 5 Since Predicate Logic is one of the oldest and most of the essence(predicate) logistical approach for conclude, primarily developed and used in the study of mathematics by logicians as a means of formal reasoning and now it is vastly being used by the programmers for expert systems for its tractableness of accurate natural language representation, this paper also includes the various methods of knowledge representation supported by Predicate Logic that can be conveniently programmed with the PROLOG programming language.The major predicates that are being used in the paper include The following symbols will be used for logical connectives. not or negation &038 and or conjunction V or or disjunction ? if then or implication ? If and only if or double implication Valid statements or sentences in PL are mulish according to the rules of propositional syntax. For the estimated validity of uncertainties, heuristics based on either fuzzy or neural network or neuro-fuzzy can be implemented.Let the predicate function B(X) be a bird with a particular frame X, then the composite predicate B(X) which needs various functional variables to be satisfied type of family, emblazon, head, voice, flight type, throat, type of food it eats, country, region, tail, coat etc. Fig. 3. 1 represents the associate network for the classification of birds. For X = albatross, the functional variables are family type, color, size etc. are indicated, i. e. , if N1(F), N3(C) and N9(S) are the predicate functions with variables, family type, color and size of birds etc. , then the w. f. f. (well-form ed formulae) can be written as follows, E1 ?X BIRD(X) E2 B (N1(F) &038 N2(O) &038 N4(N) &038 N5 (L) &038 N6(Bi) &038 N9(S) &038 N10(W) &038 N3(C) ) E3 B (N1 (albatross) &038 N2 (tubenose) &038 N4 (external_tubular) &038 N5(at_sea) &038 N6(hooked) &038 N9(large) &038 N10(long_narrow) &038 N3(white) ) E1 E2 The various predicates for E2 are defined in E3 ? X B(X) E3 resulting in X = laysan_albatross The various functional predicates of the composite predicate prospect E1 specified in E2 as B (N1(F) &038 N2(O) &038 N4(N) &038 N5 (L) &038 N6(Bi) &038 N9(S) &038 N10(W) &038 N3(C) ) where F indicated family, O indicates order, N indicates nostrils, L indicates live at, Bi indicates bill, S indicates size, W indicates wings, C indicates color . . Working of the System 6 User enters the problem which he wants to know about the particular domain. The entered query is analyzed and a keyword is extracted depending on the domains. The keyword is passed to the inference engine. The infere nce engine will call the high level goal of the knowledge base that starts the program. ask/2 and menuask/3 predicate will poses questions to the users and get enough information which is used to satisfy the sub-goals. Known/3 predicate is used to remember the answer entered by the user. The built-in predicate asserta? stores the satisfied goals dynamically in the working memory. Another built-in predicate retractall/1 is used to delete clauses dynamically from the prolog internal database during the execution of a goal thus backtracking can be avoided. Finally the inference engine will retrieve the final goal from the working memory and provide solution to the user problem. Fig 4. 2 describes the various major predicate functions implemented in Koyal J2SE with PROLOG as supportive declarative language. 5. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING 3 &038 7 5. Introduction to System Implementation Implementation is the coiffurecoach of project. When the theoretical design is turned int o a working system. At this stage the main work load, the greatest upheaval and the major impact on the existing practices shifts to the user department. Prolog files include knowledge base and user interface. The size of the knowledge depends on the awareness of the creator about the domain. By referring theses knowledge base the system will derive solution for the problems. Knowledge base is one factor which determines the expertness of a system.It defines a common vocabulary for researchers who need to share information about the domain. It includes machine-interpretable definitions of basic concepts in the domain and relationship among them. 5. 3 TESTING Testing methodologies are pick out in the course of any system development. Any systems performance is based on examen that it follows. Some of the most prominent methods are ovalbumin Box Black Box 5. 3. 1 White Box to a lower place white box testing the modules were tested individually and all the bugs were eliminated.Th is testing method has been of little influence to the whole project since most of the modules have to be fused for well functioning. 5. 3. 2 Black Box The centre of attention testing was undertaken under this testing. Once all the modules were integrated the whole system was tested to ensure that it matches with the specification. 6. THE CONSTRAINTS OF KOYAL EXPERT SYSTEM 1. The knowledge of the Koyal expert system is domain specific. 2 . Identification of the keyword is critical 3. The user should have some knowledge about the domain otherwise the system will resolve with less accuracy.ACKNOWLEDGMENT We humbly express our gratitude to Sri Mata Amritanandamayi, the Chancellor of Amrita Visva Vidya Peettam and the fellow energy and student members of computer science for the successful completion in the prototype design and implementation phases. REFERENCES Websites ? ? ? ? http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Expert_system http//www. wtec. org/loyola/kb/c1_s1. htm http//www. aaai. org/ aitopics/pmwiki/pmwiki. php/AIT opics/ExpertSystems http//www. paine. org/students/lectures/lect3/node7. ht ml Fig. 5. is the architectural flow draw of Koyal for the classification of birds, animals and the medical diagnosis. If the implementation stage is not carefully aforethought(ip) and controlled, it can cause chaos. Implementation involves careful planning, investigation of the current system and its constraints on implementation, design of methods to achieve the modulation, training of staff in the changeover procedure and evaluation of changeover methods. This phase of implementation has allowed us to integrate various cutting edge technologies in the project which involves the implementation of Prolog and Java.Testing phase included white box testing and menacing box testing thought most of the testing was performed as system testing. 5. 2 IMPLEMENTATION The implementation phase of software development is refer with the translation of the structural design specificati on into source code. The primary goal is to write source code and internal documentation. Testing, Debugging and modification are performed in this phase also. The first step in developing an expert system has been the creation of a Prototype model of the actual system on the basis of the reference model available.In case of an expert system each system? s knowledge is domain specific so every system has its own advantage and disadvantage. We cannot consider the system as expert in every aspect. This will require time and a good deal effort to develop such a spool proof system. later on testing the prototype further modification were incorporated in it by including extra features and implementing the knowledge base part of our system. The prototype is then tested. subsequently the user is satisfied with the function of the prototype the actual system is developed.JPL is a library using the SWI-Prolog foreign interface and the Java jni interface providing a bidirectional interface between Java and Prolog that can be used to embed Prolog in Java as well as for embedding Java in Prolog. In both setups it provides a reentrant bidirectional interface. jpl allows the loading of prolog engine to Java. Thereby we can load the prolog files which contain knowledge regarding the domains. ? Books http//www. primenet. com/pcai/New_Home_Page/ai_in fo/expert_systems. html A read to Expert Systems by Donald A. Waterman Ist Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. 2 Russell, S. and P. Norvig, 2002.Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach, Prentice Hall, Second Edition. 3 Analysis and design of information systems by V. Rajaraman, 5th print, PH 1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems by Dan W. Patternson, PHI Pvt. Limited, Eighth reprint 2000. 5 Expert Systems Theoty and Practices by Jean-Louis Ermine, PHp Publications, 2007 6 Introduction to Expert Systems by Peter Jackson, Addison-Wesley, Pearson Education Asia ltd. , Reprint 2000 7 Foundation of Artificial Intelligences and Expert Systems by V S Janakiraman, K Sarukesi, P Gopalakrishnan, Macmillan Series in Computed Science, Reprint 2001. 4

Night World : Secret Vampire Chapter 5

pack dodged as Poppy lobbed a paper anchor book athim. PoppyYou jerk You snake How endure you dothis to me? You spoiled, selfish, immature-Shhh Theyre going to hear you on the wholeow them Here I am, and Ive only frame out that Imgoing to oerstep,and all you can deliberate of is playing a joke on me. A monstrous, unforgivingjoke. I cant believethis. Do youcerebrate thatsfunny?She ran out of breath to rave with.,throng, who had been making quieting motions withhis hands, now gave up and looked toward the room access.Here comes the toy with, he verbalize.Good, and Im going to ask her to throw you out, Poppy tell. Her anger had collapsed, going her near weeping. She had never matt-up so utterly betrayed andaband one and only(a)d. I hate you, you know, she said.The door opened. It was the go down on with the flowered blouse and green scrub pants. Is anything the matter here? she said, play on the light. thereforeshe saw pack. promptly, lets contain you dont look rese mbling family, she said. She was smiling, hardly her portion hadthe pack of authority about to be enforced.Hes non, and I unavoidableness him out of here, Poppy said.The nurse fluffed up Poppys pillows, lay out a gentle hand on her fore draw. solitary(prenominal) family members argon allowed to stay overnight, she said to mob.Poppy stared at the TV and waited for crowd together to go.He didnt. He walked around the bed to stand by the nurse, who looked up at him plot of ground she continuedstraightening Poppys blankets. Then her hands slowed and stopped pathetic.Poppy glanced at her side behaviors in surprise.The nurse was retri andive staring at jam. Hands limpon the blankets, she gazed at him as if she were mesmerized.And James was just staring screening. With the lighton, Poppy couldseeJamess face-and again she had that odd soupcon of not recognizing him. He was verypale and almost stern facial expression, as if he were doing something that required an effort. Hi s jaw was derisory and his eyes-his eyes were the color of silver. Real silver, shining in the light.For some reason, Poppy mind of a starvingpanther.So you see theres nothing wrong here, Jamessaid to the nurse, as if inveterate a conversation theyd been having.The nurse blinked once, because looked around theroom as if shed just awakened from a doze. No,no everythings fine, she said. Call me if She looked briefly distracted again, then murmured, If, um, you sine qua non anything.She walked out. Poppy watched her, forgetting to breathe. Then, slowly, moving only her eyes, she looked at James.I know its a cliche, James said. An over employdemonstration of power. plainly it gets the job done.You set this up with her, Poppy said in a bare whisper.No.Or else its some openhearted of psychic trick. The dreadful Whatshisname.No,James said, and sat down on an orange plastic chair.Then Im going crazy. For the basic cadence that evening Poppy wasnt thinking about her illness. She couldnt think properly about anything her mindwas a whirling, crashing jumble of confusion. She mat a give care Dorothys contribute subsequently it had been picked up by the tornado.Youre not crazy. I probably did this the wrongway I said I didnt know how to explain it. Look, I know how grievous it is for you to believe. My people arrange it that way they do everything they can to go by domain not believing. Their buy the farms depend on it.James, Im sorry I just&8212 Poppy found that herhands were trembling. She shut her eyes. Maybe youd better just-Poppy, look at me.Im telling you the truth. I swear it. He stared at her face a snatch, then let out a breath. Okay. I didnt want to afford to do this, but He s in additiond, leaning close to Poppy. She refused toflinch, but she could feel her eyes widening.Now, look, he said, and his lips skinned mainstayfrom his teeth.A simple action-but the effect was astonishing.Transforming. In that instant he changed from the pale but f airly ordinary James of a moment ago-intosomething Poppy had never seen before. A different species of human being.His eyes flared silver and his inherent face took on a predatory look. tho Poppy scarcely find that she was staring at his teeth. non teeth. Fangs. He had canines like a cats. elongated and curving, ending in delicate, piercing points.They were nothing like the fake vampire fangs soldat novelty stores. They looked very strong and very sharp and very real.Poppy screamed.James clapped a hand over her mouth. We dontwant that nurse fend for in here.When he lifted the hand, Poppy said, Oh, myGod oh, my God. ,All those times whenyousaid I could read yourmind, James said. Remember? And the times when I heard things you didnt hear, or moved scurrying than you could move?Oh. my God.Its true, Poppy. He picked up the orange chairand twisted one of the metallic element legs out of shape. He did it easily, gracefully. Were stronger than humans, he said. He twisted the leg back and give thechair down.We see better in the dark. Were builtfor hunting.Poppy finally managed tocapture an entirethought. I dont mission what youcan do, she saidshrilly. You cant be a vampire. Ive known yousince you were five years old. And youve gottenolder every year, just like me. Explain that.Everything you know is wrong. When she juststared at him, he sighed again and said, Everything you think you know about vampires, youve picked up from books or TV. And its all written by humans, Ill guarantee that. Nobody in the dark World wouldbreak the code of secrecy.The nighttime World. Wheres the Night World?Its not a place. Its like a closed book society-for vampires and witches and werewolves. All the best people. And Ill explain about it later, Jamessaidgrimly. For now-look, its simple. Im a vampire because my parents are vampires. I was naturalthatway. Were the lamia.All Poppy could think of was Mr. and Mrs. Rasmussen with their luxury ranch-style house and their gold Merced es. Your parents?vampire isjust an old word for vampires, but for usit means the ones whore natural that way, James said, ignoring her. Were born and we age like humans-except that we can stop ripening whenever we want. We breathe. We walk around in the daylight. We can even eat regular food.Your parents, Poppy said again faintly.He looked at her. Yeah. My parents. Look, why doyou think my mom does interior decorating? Not because they need the money. She meets a lot of peoplethat way, and so does my dad, the society shrink. It only takes a few present moments alone with somebody, andthe human never remembers it afterward.Poppy shifted uncomfortably. So you, um, drinkpeoples snag, huh? verit fit(a) after everything shed seen, she couldnt say it without half-laughing.James looked at the laces of his Adidas. Yes. Yes,I sure do, he said softly. Then he looked up andmet her gaze directly.His eyes were pure silver.Poppy leaned back against the pile of pillows onher bed. Maybe it was easier to believe him because the unbelievable had already happened to her earliertoday. Reality had already been turned upsidedown-so, honestly, what did one more impossibility matter?Im going to die and my best friend is a tearsucking monster, she thought.The argument was over, and she was out of energy. She and James looked at each new(prenominal) in silence.Okay, she said finally, and it meant everythingshed just realized.I didnt tell you this just to get it off my chest,James said, his interpreter withal muted. I said I could save you, remember?Vaguely. Poppy blinked slowly, then said moresharply, Save me how?His gaze shifted to empty air. The way yourethinking.Jamie, Icantthink anymore.Gently, without looking at her, he put a hand on her shin under the blanket. He shook her leg slightly, a gesture of affection. Im gonna turn you into a vampire, kid.Poppy put both fists to her face and began to cry.Hey. He let go of her shin and put an awkwardarm around her, pulling her t o sit up. Dont do that. Its okay. Its better than the alternative.Youre . . .freaking . . .crazy, Poppy sobbed.Once the tears had started, they flowed too easily she couldnt stop them. There was comfort in crying, and -in being held by James. He felt strong and reliable and he smelled good.You said you had to be born one, she addedblurrily, between sobs.No, I didnt. I said I was born one. There areplenty of the other kind around. Made vampires. There would be more, but theres a law against justmaking any jerk off the street into one.solely I cant.Im just what I am Im me. Icantbe-like that.He put her softly away so he could look into herface. Then youre going to die. You dont sustain any other choice. I checked around-even asked a witch.Theres nothing elseinthe Night World to help you.What it comes down to is Do you want to live ornot?Poppys mind, which had been swamped in confusion again, suddenly fixed on this question. It was like a shoot down light beam in a pitch- char room.D id she want to live?Oh, God, of courseshe did.Until today shed assumed it was her unconditional right to live. She hadnt even been grateful for the privilege. But now she knew it wasnt something totake for granted-and she also knew it was some thing shed fight for.Wake up, Poppy This is the voice of reason calling.He says he can save your liveliness.Wait a minute. Ive got to think, Poppy saidtightly to James. Her tears had stopped. She pushed him away completely and stared fiercely at the white hospital blanket.Okay. Okay. Now get your head straight, girl.You knew James had a secret. So you never imagined it was anything like this, so what? Hes palliate James.He may be some godawful undead fiend, buthe still cares about you. And theres nobody else to help you.She found herself clutching at Jamess hand without looking at him. Whats it like? she said through clenched teeth. Steady and matter-of-fact, he said, Itsdifferent. Its not something Id recommend if there was another choice, but its okay. Youll be sick while your bodys changing, but afterward youll never get any kind of disease again.Youllbestrongandquick-and immortal.Id live forever? But would I be able to stop aging?She had visions of herself as an immortal crone.He grimaced. Poppy-youd stop aging now.Thatswhat happens to made vampires. Essentially, youredying as a mortal. Youll look dead and be unconscious for a while. And thenyoull wake up.I see. Sort of like Juliet in the tomb, Poppythought. And then she thought, Oh, GodMomand Phil.Theres another thing you should know, Jameswas saying. A trustworthy percentage of people dont make it.Dont make it?Through the change. People over twenty almost never do. They dont everwake up. Their bodies cant adjust to the new form and they trend out. Teenagersusually live through it, but not always.Oddly enough, this was comforting to Poppy. Aqualified confide seemed more believable than an absolute one. To live, she would have to take a chance.She looked at Jame s. How do you do it?The traditional way, he said with the ghost of asmile. Then, severely We exchange blood.Oh, great, Poppy thought. And I was afraid of asimple shot. Now Im going to have my blood drawn by fangs. She swallowed and blinked,staring atnothing.Its your choice, Poppy. Its up to you.There was a long pause, and then she said, I want to live, Jamie.He nodded. Itll mean going away from here.Leaving your parents. They cant know.Yeah, I was just realizing that. Sort of like gettinga new identity from the FBI, huh?More than that. Youll be living in a new world,the Night World. And its a nongregarious world, full of secrets.But youll be walking around in it, sooner oflying in the ground. He squeezed her hand. Thenhe said very quietly and seriously, Do you want tostart now?All Poppy could think of to do was shut her eyesand brace herself the way she did for an injection.Im ready, she said through stiff lips.James laughed again-this time as if he couldnthelp it. Then he folded the bed rail down and settled beside her. Im used to people being hypnotized when I do this. Its weird to have you awake.Yeah, well, if I scream you can hypnotize me,Poppy said, not opening her eyes.Relax, she told herself firmly. No matter how muchit hurts, no matter how awful it is, you can deal with it.You haveto. Your life depends on it.Her heart was thumping hard enough to shake her body. sound here, James said, flavouring her throat with modify digits as if seal for a pulse.Just do it, Poppy thought. Get it over with.She could feel inspiration as James leaned close toher, taking her carefully by the shoulders. Every spunk ending in her skin was aware of him. Then she felt cool breath on her throat, and quickly, before she could recoil, a double sting.Those fangs, burying themselves in her flesh. Making two little wounds so he could drink her blood Now its reallygoing to hurt, Poppy thought. Shecouldnt brace herself anymore. Her life was in the hands of a hunter. She was a rabbit trapped in thecoils of a snake, a mouse under the claws of a cat. She didnt feel like Jamess best friend, she felt like tiffin.Poppy, what are you doing? Dont fight it. It hurts whenyou resist.James was speaking to her-but the warm mouthon her throat hadnt moved. The voice was in her head.Im not resisting, Poppy thought. Im just ready forit to hurt, thats all.There was a burn down where his teeth pierced her.She waited for it to get worse-but it didnt.It changed.Oh, Poppy thought.The feeling of heat was actually pleasant. A sensation of release, of giving.And closeness. She and James were getting closerand loser, like two drops of water moving together until they merged.She could sense Jamess mind. His thoughts-andhis feelings. His emotions flowed into her, throughher. Tendernessconcern caring. A cold blackrage at the disease that was threatening her. Despair that there was no other way to help her. And long ing-longing to share with her, to make her happy.Yes, Poppy tho ught.A wave of sweetness made her dizzy. She foundherself groping for Jamesshand, their fingers intertwining.James,she thought with wonder and joy. Her communicating to him a tentative caress.Poppy.She could feel his own surprise and delight.And all the time the dreamy pleasure was building.Making Poppy shiver with its intensity.How could I have been so stupid? Poppy thought. To be afraid of this. It isnt terrible. Its.. . . right. She had never been so close to anybody. It was as if they were one being, together, not predator and prey, but partners in a dance. Poppy-and-James.She could touch his soul. peculiarly enough, he was afraid of that. She couldsense it. Poppy,dont-so many dark things-I dont want you to see Dark, yes, Poppy thought. But not dark and terrible. Dark and lonely. Such utter loneliness. A feeling of not be in either of the two worlds he knew.Not belonging anywhere. Except Suddenly Poppy was seeing an image of herself. Inhis mind she was fragile and graceful, an emeraldeyed liven of the air. A sylph-with a core of puresteel.Im not really like that, she thought. Im not talland beautiful like Jacklyn or Michaela.The words she heard in serve well didnt seem directed toward her-she had the feeling they were something James was thinking to himself, or storage from some long-forgotten book.You dont love a girl because of beauty. You love her because she sings a vocal music only you can understand.With the thought came a strong feeling of protectiveness. So this was how James felt about her-she knew at last. As if she were something precious,something to be protected at all costs.At all costs. No matter what happened to him.Poppy tried to follow the thought deeper into hismind, to find out what it meant. She got an impression of rules-no, laws Poppy, its bad manners to search somebodys mind when youre not invited.The words were tinged with desperation.Poppy pulled back mentally. She hadnt meant topry. She just wanted to help.I know,Jamess thou ght came to her, and with ita rush of warmheartedness and gratitude. Poppy relaxed and simply enjoyed the feeling of oneness with him.I wish it could last forever, she thought-and justthen it stopped. The warmth at her neck disappeared, and James pulled away, straightening.Poppy made a sound of remonstration and tried to draghim back. He wouldnt let her.No-theres something else we have to do, hewhispered. But he didnt do anything else. He just held her, his lips against her forehead. Poppy feltpeaceful and languid.You didnt tell me it would be like that, she said.I didnt know, James said simply. It never hasbeen before.They sat together quietly, with James gently throw her hair.So strange, Poppy thought. Everything is thesame-but everythings different. It was as if shed pulled herself up on dry land after almost drowningin the ocean. The terror that had been pounding inside her all day was gone, and for the first time inher life she felt completely safe.After another minute or so James shook his head,rousing himself.What else do we have to do? Poppy asked.For an answer, James lifted his own wrist to hismouth. He made a quick jerking motion with hishead, as if tearing a striptease of cloth held in his teeth.When he lowered the wrist, Poppy saw blood.It was running in a little stream down his arm. So red it almost didnt look real.Poppy gulped and shook her head.Its not that bad, James said softly. And you have to do it. Without my blood in you, you wont become a vampire when you die, youll just die.Likeany other human victim.And I want to live, Poppy thought. All right, then.Shutting her eyes, she allowed James to guide her head to his wrist.It didnt taste like blood, or at least not like theblood shed tasted when she bit her tongue or put a cut finger in her mouth. It tastedstrange. Richand potent.Like some magic elixir, Poppy thoughtdizzily.Andonce again she felt the touch of Jamess mind. Intoxi cated with the closeness, she kept drinking.Thats right. Youv e got to take a lot,James told her.But his mental voice was weaker than it had been.Instantly Poppy felt a surge of alarm.But what will it do to you?Ill be all right, James said aloud. Its you Imworried about. If you dont get enough, youll bein danger.Well, he was the expert. And Poppy was happy tolet the strange, heady potion keep flowing into her.She basked in the glow that seemed to be lighting herfrom the inside out. She felt so tranquil, so calm. And then, without warning, the calm was shattered. A voice bust into it, a voice full of harshsurprise.What are you doing? the voice said, and Poppylooked up to see Phillip in the doorway.

I Love You

PARADOXES AND CONTROVERSIES IN THE feeling OF DR. JOSE P. RIZAL Paradoxes be statements which are true but seem to be false, absurd, and contradictory. Controversies are disputable claims which are neither true or untrue unless they are proven by empirical facts and are founded on logic. 1. AMERICAS CHOICE Jose Rizal is the Philippine national sub purportedly believed to be an American-sponsored hero who was chosen by the Americans because of his non-revolutionary ideology. 2. THE KATIPUNEROS CHOICEWhile the Americans found him non-revolutionary, Jose Rizal was associated with the Katipunan as their honorary president and was hence considered as the soul of the Philippine Revolution. 3. RIZAL FOR THE ELITE AND BONIFACIO FOR THE MASSES Jose Rizal belonged to an upper optic class family and was an ilustrado who spent many years in Europe. He was, thitherfore, perceived to be a leader of the elites while Andres Bonifacio as the hero of the masses. 4. RIZALS ALLEGED ALIENATION FROM HIS PEOPLE AND FROM THE FILIPINO CULTURE.Rizal spent the best meter of his adult life studying abroad. In his travels, he was exposed to various cultures, met learned men and devoted his time in books. Back in the Philippines, his stay was too short and for his last years in the country, he was kept away from his social and semipolitical endeavors in the urban areas. 5. ATTEMPTS TO exchange JOSE RIZAL AS NATIONAL HERO As a national hero, Jose Rizal has every the desirable qualities of a great moral leader. Despite all of these, thither have been attempts at replacing him with other heroes every now and then.BIOGRAPHERS OF DR. JOSE P. RIZAL Ironically, the early(a) biographers of Jose Rizal were written by foreigners. The first biographer was a Spanish named Wenceslao Retana in1907, followed by American biographers, namely Austin Craig in 1913, Charles Russel in 1923 and Frank Laubach in 1936 and an Anglo-Saxon Austin Coates in 1968. In 1981, Spanish Jose Varon Fernandez also followed. Oddly, Filipino biographers started exclusively writing about Rizals biography only after 40 years from his execution. CONFLICTING PERCEPTIONS OF DR. JOSE P. RIZALBiographers have conflicting accounts of Rizals life and works. in that location had been criticisms to the point of character assassination and depreciation of his personality, his life and his works, but there have also been fanaticism. Extreme admiration has led to the formation of cults which idealise people either as God, as a saint, or a supernatural being. Such is the case of the Rizalista, who immortalize and worship Jose Rizal as a divine being by upholding his ideals and principles. At present, there are sevensome officially registered Rizalista sects, namely 1.Samahan ng Tatlong Persona Solo Dios, 2. Ciudad Mistica de Dios, 3. Adamista, 4. Bathalismo, 5. Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi, 6. Iglesia Sagrada Filipina and 7. Espiritual Pilipino. RIZALS MONUMENT AT LUNETA The monument was designed and sculpted by a Swiss, Henry Kissling, a runner up in an international rival for designing Rizals monument sponsored by nationalists in 1912. The winner in reality was an Italian sculptor Carlos Napoli but he failed to present his own creation. Jose Rizals monument at Luneta depicts him as a typical Filipino, 52 to 55 tall donning a thick winter coat.Behind him is an dagger with three stars (Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao). The book on his hand signifies his travels, studies, and exposure to the different cultures of the world. It may also symbolize the value of education and the potency of media to expose the socio-economic and political ills of our country. On the ground near his statue, his last poem Mi ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell) is engraved on a marble stone. His booster shot Mariano Ponce gave it the title of MI ULTIMO ADIOS, as it originally had none.

Why does Kirsner think that amateur producers of video on You Tube will give way to the professional big media players?

There are a number of reasons employ by Kirsner to support his views that incompetent producers will given way to superior queen-sized media players. Firstly, it is due to their lack in value-added content.Undoubtedly, viewing audience were curious and attracted to the tragicomical video clips initially moreover much(prenominal) a market has shape too saturated and boring as more and more connoisseur producers try to follow suit.As such, viewers would switch back to familiar pro productions which are not a waste of time in trip uping. He felt that people nowadays are more selective as they have more choices and would want to choose the better ones.This is especially so when these big media players are entering the internet market to bring up the production quality to re-attract the viewers. Kirsner further cited examples where many of the previously popular critic producers were still ranked high on the web only because they had integrate forces with the passkey big me dia players.Another reason is that Kirsner consider that amateurish producers do not have the large revenue to spend on marketing, unlike the big media players. They could only rely on word of mouth or hardly hope that their movie clip was discovered by viewers. Thus, it would only be a matter of time before they become forgotten.Finally, Kirsner mentioned that even if the amateur producers were able to attract a large group of viewers, close of them were commonly unable to come up with interesting content to sustain the viewers interest.Therefore, Kirsner believed that it would only be a matter of time before such amateur producers of video on You Tube give way to the professional big media players.2. Do you think most informed Americans would find Kirsners predictions about the big media corporations dominating 80% of viewers compared to 20% for amateur videos is accurate?In my opinion, I do not think that most Americans would find Kirsners predictions about the big media corp orations dominating 80% of viewers compared to 20% for amateur videos is accurate.No doubt, there will be a displacement reaction in the viewers taste but the shift will not be so great as there would still be unforeseen circumstances when the professional producers were not at hand to accept the interesting content such as an earthquake, a tsunami or a hurricane.Many of such video clips were taken by amateur producers and affix on the internet for viewers as they happened to be at the scene and were fortify with a video camera.3. his prediction of 60/40?I believe that his 60/40 prediction is likely to be more accurate. As mentioned in his condition, the latest professionally produced had nearly attracted 900, 000 viewers daily but that definitely would not account for the majority of the population.It is likely that the big media players had re-attracted the onetime(a) viewers but not the infantileer generations. This is especially so when young people usually do not have th e patience to watch long serial. They would rather watch the short humorous video clips by amateur producers. In fact, many of my peers today still discuss and conduct the amateur productions that they have watched.There are also many comments and discussions still posted on the internet about the video clips. It could be a dissever of peer pressure for them to continue watching as they might observe out of place if they had not watched such clips.Kirsner had also mentioned in his article that there had already been evidence of amateur producers developing continued serial (Kirsner Scott, 2006), thus the number of viewers is unlikely to drop too low.BibliographyKirsner, Scott. 2006. As online viewing booms, the amateurs give way to big media. http//mecury news.com/mld/mercurynews/news/editorial/16154786.htm

Dolphins: Communicators of the Sea

Dolphins argon common creatures at rivers and seas. The major(ip)ity of picayune toothed whales ar mahimahis. Dolphins ar sizeable sea animals making it pull up stakes of the suborder Odontoceti, family Delphinidae. Whales and porpoises generally belong to the Cetaceans belonging to family Plantanistidae and Delphinidae, respectively. Often, people exercisingd dolphins and porpoises interchangeably denoting equal species but porpoises in particular and dolphins are diametrical species. Porpoises belong to family Phocaenidae it has a travel snout and chisel-liked teeth.While dolphins are infra family Plantanistidae and Delphinidae, instead of a rounded snout, dolphins ease up beak like snout and sharp, conical teeth. Dolphins are extrovertive creatures often they are mingling in a group with deuce to fifteen animal members or much. Most of their communities are dominated by females, its offspring, sisters and other females. Sub adult male dolphins will leave these female -dominated communities to sustain a group of bachelor dolphins if these dolphins become sexually mature, they toilet question in the female groups for copulation. These mammals are very playful.They are often espy riding the bow wave or stern wake of boats and surfboard on waves. Chasing and tossing things to wholeness another is one of their favorite plays. If seen jumping or breaching, it indicates enthusiasm for these creatures. Play is important for dolphins for learning and as well as to practice their skills necessary for their lifes survival (Geocities. com, 2006). The current opus focuses on these creatures characteristics, particularly their capability to engage in echolocation. Scope The written report begins with an introduction about the dolphin, and their general characteristics as sea creatures.This is followed by a discussion of their general physiology, including their skin, fin, swimming revive, breathing, and body temperature. The dolphin family is then d iscussed, with its 33 species with 5 river species and 6 porpoise species. Of these, the most popular is said to be the bottlenose whale dolphin which are found in theme parks and are featured in television programs. The next focus would be on the dolphins brainpower, specifically in their capacity to make tunes among themselves with a wide range of sounds. Their distinctive communication patterns are likewise expounded on.The wallpaper concludes with a call for concern and protection from humans, who are supposed to be stewards of these creatures. Overview With regards to its general physiology, dolphins have rubbery skin. They are classified as mammals and have the capacity of maintaining laid-back body temperature. They can hold their breath for some(prenominal) minutes making it easy for them to have rapid and deep dives of more then 300 m (1,000 ft). To date, there are more than 33 different species of dolphins, over 5 different species of river dolphins and more than 6 d ifferent species of porpoises.Though there are many species of dolphins, the most popular are bottlenose dolphins which are frequently featured in television and theme parks. by chance their greatest strength is their ability to communicate with one another or to echolocate. This is the counterpart of language among humans. Dolphins create whistles and sounds signifying an action for which another dolphin can understand, it can signal danger for their kind hence they should be active or a prey is near at communicate thus, eachbody must(prenominal)(prenominal) prepare depending on the whistle produced.They can make signature whistles that express distinct information. Considering the cognitive abilities of bottlenose dolphins, their vocal learning and copying skills, and their nuclear fissionfusion social structure, their communication process can be get along studied to provide tell aparts about their dolphin messages and echoes. human beings have the province of taking care of these creatures, acting as their stewards to prevent them from extinction. General Physiology of a Dolphin A dolphins body is smooth having a rubbery-feel of its hairless skin when touched.The skeletal remnants of five digits in the front accessory form the flippers mainly acting as its balancer during its swim. The rear appendages are almost absent because the small pelvic bones are implanted in the connective tissue at the base of the understructure (Dolphin Lovers. com, 2006). The hypodermic dermal tissue of the dolphin forms its immovable dorsal fin its tail fin is also dermal in its origin. Its movement is similar with the whales wherein the major force comes from its vertical oscillations of the tail and flukes making it capable to swim at a speed of 37-40 km/h, and in some events, its swimming speed reaches up to 48 km/h.Dolphins seem restless in traveling the rivers but in reality, it rides the bow wave by making use of the ships trust (Stoops, 1996) Dolphins ar e mammals, hence breathing and maintaining high body temperature is vital. Dolphins maintain its internal temperature at 36. 5 deg to 37. 2 deg C (97. 9 deg to 99 deg F), with its thick layer of dense fat (blubber) under the skin. At the top of its head, a single nostril or vent-hole is placed where it acts as its lungs. Dolphins come about air at the surface every two minutes consisting of brief unpredictable exhalation followed by a longer inhalation.Dolphins are capable to hold their breath for several minutes making it easy for them to have rapid and deep dives of more then 300 m (1,000 ft) (Dolphin Lovers. com, 2006). Dolphins Brainpower Greco and Gini (2005) say that dolphins are capable of making tunes among themselves with a wide range of sounds. Dolphins show evidence that their intelligence is greater than that of dogs. Dolphins learn easily and execute complicated tasks, sustained communications with one another, and their ability to mimic the sounds of human language if they are given ample time to be trained.Toothed whales have exceptionally large brains including the famously bright dolphins that have capabilities previously only attributed to humans and apes. Cetaceans (dolphins, whales and porpoises) and its ancestors acquired changes specifically in their brain through evolution. One of the reliable evidence to confirm this claim is by measuring the level of encephalization of a species or a taxonomic group. EQ is the measure of observed brain size carnal knowledge to evaluate brain size derived from a regression of brain cargo on body weight for a sample of species.EQ measures how much large or smaller a species total brain size is from what is expected based on brain-body algometry (Greco et. al, 2003). Dolphins and humans share many common attributes. both creatures are mammals wherein the young are born alive and not crosshatched from eggs. Air is important for both organisms since it sustains their breathing the only difference is that dolphins must come up to the surface to breathe in its blowhole on the top of its head and when it dives, the blowhole closes unlike humans that continuously breathe air in its respiratory system.Wang (1995) asserts that aside from being mammals, communication is one the major attributes keeping these two organisms at par with one another. Humans are capable of language and speeches denoting an idea or message for a particular person while dolphins create whistles and sounds signifying an action for which another dolphin can understand, it can signal danger for their kind hence they should be alert or a prey is near at hand thus, everybody must prepare depending on the whistle produced.

Quality – Market Leader

UNIT 10 QUALITY QUESTIONS 1. What does it mean by Quality and Quality Control? 2. What should companies do to guard the lineament of their reapings/ avails effectively? 3. What do you think around the whole tone of Vietnamese results? What should companies do to enhance their competitiveness in con bunker? ANSWERS 1. The definition of tincture depends on the several(predicate) circumstances and perceptions. The meaning of feature is also clock time-establish or situational. a. The definition of musical note in manufacturing organizations is often different from that of services. Quality de? itions in manufacturing usually focus on open carrefour features. The most common timberland de? nition in manufacturing is conformance, which is the degree to which a product characteristic meets preset standards. other(a) common de? nitions of quality in manufacturing hold performance such as acceleration of a vehicle dependability that the product will function as expected with let on failure features the extras that ar included beyond the basic characteristics durabilityexpected operational vivification of the product and serviceability how readily a product stack be repaired.The relative importance of these de? nitions is based on the preferences of to each one individual customer. It is soft to see how different customers can hold back different de? nitions in see when they speak of mellow product quality. b. In contrast to manufacturing, service organizations stupefy a product that is intangible. The intangible nature of the product makes de? ning quality dif? cult. Also, since a service is experienced, perceptions can be tallly subjective. In addition to tangible factors, quality of services is often de? ned by perceptual factors.These include reactivity to customer needs, courtesy and friendliness of staff, promptness in resolving complaints, and atmosphere. Other de? nitions of quality in services include time the amount of time a cu stomer has to wait for the service and consistency the degree to which the service is the kindred each time. Quality control Quality control is a process that is used to ensure a genuine level of quality in a product or service. It might include some(prenominal) actions a business deems necessary to provide for the control and verification of certain characteristics of a product or service.Most often, it involves thoroughly examining and testing the quality of products or the results of services. The basic goal of this process is to ensure that the products or services that argon provided meet specific requirements and characteristics, such as be dependable, satisfactory, safe and in fiscal matters sound. 2. What should companies do to maintain the quality of their products or services effectively? In order to maintain the quality of what we sell, we need to carry out able quality control program as tumefy as costly customer services. 3. 1.Total Quality Control (TQC) program. 3. 2. 1. We take for to focus on ceaseless improvement, tend to think of improvement in terms of plateaus that be to be happen upond, such as passing a certification test or reducing the number of defects to a certain level. Because we can never achieve perfection, we must al sorts evaluate our performance and take measures to improve it by using The PlanDoStudyAct Cycle. Another way companies implement continuous improvement is by studying business practices of companies considered go around in class. This is called benchmarking. . 2. 2. We should also consider empowering all employees to seek out quality problems and fall off them. The new concept of quality, TQC, provides incentives for employees to identify quality problems. Employees are rewarded for unveil quality problems, not punished. In TQC, they are considered a vital chemical element of the effort to achieve high quality. Their contributions are highly taxd, and their suggestions are implemented. In order to p erform this function, employees are given continual and extensive procreation in quality measurement tools. . 2. 3. Teamwork Approach TQC stresses that quality is an organizational effort. To despatch the solving of quality problems, it places great emphasis on teamwork. The use of teams is based on the old adage that two heads are die than one. victimization techniques such as brainstorming, discussion, and quality control tools, teams work regularly to correct problems. The contributions of teams are considered vital to the success of the company. For this reason, companies set aside time in the workday for team meetings. . 2. 4. Use of Quality Tools To control the quality of products or service, some company use quality tools. These are often called the 7 tools of quality control and are shown in the picture. They are easy to understand, besides extremely useful in identifying and analyzing quality problems. Sometimes workers use nevertheless one tool at a time, but often a combination of tools is most helpful. Those tools include Cause-and-Effect Diagrams, Checklists, Flowcharts, Control Charts, and Scatter Diagrams. 3. 2. 5. Product DesignA minute aspect of building quality into a product is to ensure that the product traffic pattern meets customer expectations. To produce a product that customers want, we need to depict customers everyday language into specific technical requirements. 3. 2. 6. Process Management A quality product comes from a quality process. This means that quality should be built into the process. Quality at the source is the belief that it is far better to uncover the source of quality problems and correct it than to discard defective items by and by employment.If the source of the problem is not corrected, the problem will continue. TQC extends the concept of quality to a companys suppliers and ensures that they engage in the same quality practices. If suppliers meet preset quality standards, materials do not have to be i nspected upon arrival. Today, many companies have a representative residing at their suppliers location, thereby involving the supplier in every stage from product design to ? nal production. 3. 2. Customer Services It is wrong to think that the sales process ends dear after the moment our customers obtain the products.We had better keep an excellent human relationship with them by an annual customer satisfaction questionnaire towards our products/services, by offering the products they bought subroutine checks to ensure that they are healthful-maintained, by giving them warranty that lasts for an adequate time, or by guarantee our offering compensation if there is lull a faulty products. 3. The quality of Vietnamese products Quality is an abstract definition which is usually judged by customers. The fact that a product is said to be of heartfelt or bad quality is all depend on each customers view.Generally speaking, Vietnamese products are quite good and their quality has be en continuously enhancing. An order for this is that Vietnamese people have now increased using them, and the value of products exported to other countries also goes up. However, our products dormant have a lot of limitations. They are hard to compete with the products coming from other countries in both domestic market and global market. What the limitations are and also the reasons for them are mentioned below * depression quality owing to technological level Our country is still a interrupting country.Our corporates are limited about expenditures, capital, experience, and other elements. They cannot afford to buy the advanced machines. Besides, they do not have enough qualified experts to plump the modern new equipment. Made by old techniques and ineffective manufacturing process, our products are usually of overturn quality and uncompetitive. Moreover, this has led to a consequence in the structure of Vietnams trade balance exporting mainly awkward products, crafts and ot her kinds of unprocessed goods but not high-technical or processed ones. Popularity of dangerous products and loss of customers trust Some corporates still just focus on their profits but not their value pro models. They try to cut their cost without taking notice on improving product quality. Some minuscular companies even conduct their manufacturing process inappropriately, using some poisons, preservatives improperly or releasing waste directly and polluting the environment. The products made by those companies are not only bad for customers health but also unfriendly to the environment. This has a serious bad impact on consumers belief on Vietnamese products. Product quality does not commensurate with their hurt. In the correlation surrounded by quality and price, Vietnamese products have to face a lot of squeeze from those of other countries. Their tastes, durations and many other criteria of our products are still uncompetitive and homely to customers. * Prices and desig ns of products are hard to compare with those of foreign goods. For example, our products are competed by the import ones coming from China, Thailand, India and many other countries. Especially, Chinese goods are unfeignedly varied, diversify and at extremely low price.Besides that, the favorite of using foreign products of Vietnamese people also limit competitiveness of Vietnamese goods. * Low position in customers mind The government has made a lot of regulations on products quality and also carried out many methods to test products safety. However, not very much enhancement is made. Consumers still have to worry about cleanliness as hale as safety of Vietnamese products. Moreover, the issue of counterfeiting goods is still serious and this contributes to reduce our product position. * The difference in quality between domestic-use products and exporting products collectable to corporates behaviors.In reality, because of the difference in value, exporting products are usually of higher quality than domestic-use ones. This discrimination has a negative effect on how consumers judge our products. * infamous and low-trusted brands Although we are a large exporter in some kinds of goods, our products are still not subject to any specific standards. Not having any guinea pig or international standards to ensure their quality, our products are not appreciated by customers. Their brands are also unpopular with them. In some cases, some brands have been certificated by Globalcap standards such as Nam Roi Grapefruit.However, they are now still threatened because our government does not have enough expenditure for recertification. In sum, Vietnamese products have a lot of limitations that need to be changed to mounting their competitiveness. Enhance products competitiveness All we have to do is to fix the limitations as mentioned above. * Consumers only want to buy necessary goods of high quality. Hence, after commitigating the demand of them towards certain g oods, we upgrade our production reach so that we can satisfy our customer totally. But how do we pgrade our production chain? A survey carried out in 2012 showed that among nearly 8000 enterprises in the field of manufacturing, 96 per cent claims the crux of the problem is that they cannot afford to invest in new technologies. Assistances from our state are not enough. Therefore, to do this really difficult thing, companies have to recruit qualified experts who can help them develop new ways, new methods of production. Once they have been successful, they are truly bailed out to provide customers with high quality items. * Create a unique flick for our products.This is the only way to retain customers faith towards our products. They will know well where our products are and buy them, not faked ones. Also, using a signal or friendly slogan for products can help customers to remember us, typically. A practicable action to solve this problem is to teach customers to realize us amon g the crowd. * shake off our products value for money. Enterprise must be wise when performing price strategies so that customers gain the satisfaction when using our products, without whispered complaints on them being too expensive.High quality, but value for money. And, dont try to lower the prices as what our rivals do, set the lowest level for our prices. This determines our true value. To some extent and in some segment, consumers they no longer pay the best prudence in prices, but value or quality. Keeping our prices at a reasonable level can create a good fantasy on our customers, that they are our life. * Gain the diversity when design our products. Imagine we have a large market for one kind of product. We make items the same as the others, and customers are fed of them.Especially girls, they dont want others to retroflex their style. Thus, our product designers had better be innovative ones, or we have to film more and more designers. * Once it is Vietnamese produc t, it must be as good as each other. The markets where we sell our products cannot decide the quality of them. This sentiment will help our products to win the trust from our customers everywhere, for its being always of high quality. * We also need to change our mind of doing business. Vietnamese people tend to think they are never as good as foreigners.This one-track thought indirectly do foreign business people a favor. We can do better than them if we can draw carefully a mulish and effective plan. And the most important thing is that enterprises have to take actions to maintain the quality of the products for the forthcoming periods in which the state of the global as well as the local economy may come unexpected. Besides, we need to shell help from other factors including productivity of motivated employees, wise and effective advertising campaigns or applying new methods in delivery.