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Thursday, December 26, 2019

Essay on Early Childhood Education and its Impact on...

Early Childhood Education and its Impact on Technology Early childhood education is a time where young children develop important learning skills. Young children, aged birth through approximately 8 years (young children, 2004) interact with one another to develop social and even motor skills that they will carry with them later in life. Development in young children involves the early years in a childs physical, social-emotional, language, and cognitive development (Baur, 1998). Developmental aspects can be assessed by technology. Technology is growing everyday in our society, it is becoming a big factor in the use of early childhood education. Computer use is most popular in the classroom because it is easy for children to†¦show more content†¦Developmental areas include social and emotional, language, motor, cognition, and in addition a child will make approaches towards learning as well (Davis, 1998). Language development is very important during this time and computers help since children are exposed to them for reading and writing purposes. Also, it gives opportunities for them to be motivated to interact with other children if they are in groups. Research has shown that computer play encourages longer more complex speech and development of fluency (Baur, 1998). Cognitively, technology use is connected to children and the use of it can lead to greater motivation and self-direction. Development is very important socially, and placing children in groups or pairs helps interaction between their peers. This helps increased levels of spoken communication and cooperation that were demonstrated in a study. Study of five and six year olds and how they learned in a computer enrich environment Learning development during early childhood education is very critical. How children learn is also very important and looked at by many researchers. A study was recently performed to look at how kindergartener’s learn in a computer classroom setting. The study was to explore children’s peer dynamics in a seven week learning experience for two hours per day in a computer-based technology rich classroom. The study was performed with nine boys and nine girls from ages five toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Computers On Children s Early Childhood Education Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pageskeep up without technology. Computers especially, are needed in most American’s everyday lives. So why would early childhood education be any different? From the beginning stages, there has always been a debate of whether computers have a positive or negative impact on children, young children especially. As computers have intergraded themselves into many children’s lives a nd their education, the debate is even more prominent. Supporters of computer use in early childhood education believe that withRead MoreTechnology Has Changed Our Society Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesRATIONALE The predominance of technology has significantly influenced our society. Technology is being used all over the place, anywhere and is instant. When we say technology, it can mean a lot of things. But according to the New Zealand Ministry of Education, â€Å"technology is the use of practical and intellectual resources to develop products and systems (technological outcomes) that expand human possibilities by addressing needs and realising opportunities.† Technology is currently more complex andRead MoreThe Benefits Of Early Childhood Education1015 Words   |  5 PagesAn early childhood education student planing on becoming a teacher needs to know certain things about children before stepping into a classroom. They must look at their own personality and how they handle stress. An upcoming teacher must have a mindful awareness, focused attention, and self authority. Mindful awareness skills in stress can be mixed in with your relationships with your peers and social skills. If a teacher is not well balance when it comes to stressful situations they wouldn’t beRead MoreEffective Devices And Its Positive Effect On Children1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdevices and its positive effect on children, children at an early age can use computer programming and computerized exercises in a method in accord with educationally appropriate implementation (Bern, Horn 2010). The main purpose of this research was to employ the technology of TUI (Tangible User Interface) to principally re-visualize the method children use for computer programming, the improvement included the curriculum and the technology used. The experiment’s duration was two years and was appliedRead MoreFrom Games to Reality or from Reality to Games?1120 Words   |  5 PagesFrom games to reality or from reality to games? This question reflects an essential reversal of assumptions that is happening today as the reality of life-long technology learning hits early childhood educational settin g (Rowan, nd). In the past, the games of greatest interest for infants and toddlers were those that introduced or refined fine or gross motor skills. What they did and provided was deemed critical to core learning before other more advanced knowledge preparations could begin (OswaltRead MoreTechnology Play: Advantages and Disadvantages for Development and Learning1724 Words   |  7 Pagesup in a technology environment. It is within this environment that traditional concepts of play are being influenced. Early childhood settings reflect children’s environments therefore the introduction of technology would be a natural consequence. Play is central to children’s development and learning, consequently technology play is influential. To benefit children’s development and learning, technology play has to be inclusive and developmentally appropriate with attention to technology placementRead MoreFading Childhood - Original Writing1230 Words   |  5 PagesFading Ch ildhood Once upon a time there was a town, where children played all over. During the day, children would be playing games in the driveway, yards, and cul-de-sac. Voices of children could be heard by the creek. At night they would chase fireflies and their tiny shadows covered the roads. They would play together until they heard the call from their parents for bed. They’d sleep happily from playing all day under the trees. This is not a made up story but memories of many people’s childhoodsRead MoreTechnology Has A Negative Influence On The Social Life Of Individuals1213 Words   |  5 PagesWithin our society, technology plays a critical role in our everyday lives. Its prevalence within our environment has ultimately resulted in the change of pedagogical practice. This new age of teaching has demonstrated that technology is in many ways, beneficial within the classroom environment. This paper will consider how technology can support the needs of children with special needs, m aking learning more relatable and effective. Furthermore, technology also has an influence upon the social andRead MoreImproving Access:. I Will Examine Two Of The Most Prominent1656 Words   |  7 PagesAccess: I will examine two of the most prominent methods for improving access: universal early childhood education and equivalency/second chance programs for adults. One of the other prominent methods is improving access through information and communication technologies (ICTs). This is a popular idea as remote areas often lack formal and non-formal literacy programs. In these situations, education through technology like television, radio, and the internet is believed to be able to play an importantRead MoreThe Goals Of Youth Engagement Services865 Words   |  4 Pagesworking with young children and their families (Wardle 2013). Our communities provide resources for families and early care and education programs to support children’s development that are both local and web-based. As educators, it is important to inform families of these resources to help the development of our youth. One community resource to share with parents and to use as an early childhood professional to support children’s development is the local school districts, Youth Development Support Services:

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Ethics And Morals Of A Doll s House Essay - 1559 Words

Liberty and happiness are inexorably linked and positively correlated. Through the lens of the protagonist, Nora, Henrik Ibsen, in A Doll’s House, criticizes nineteenth-century European society’s moral, laws, and social structures for their deleterious effects on freedom, happiness, and self-determination. Specifically, the characters of Nora, Krogstad, Torvald, Dr. Rank, and Mrs. Linde lack freedom and happiness because of society’s backwards gender roles, moral righteousness, and an excessive concern with vanity; all of these characters’ lives are shaped by circumstance, not choice. By the novel’s conclusion, the ethics and morals of a discriminatory society are challenged and rebuked by each character in their pursuit to achieve freedom and happiness. Nora is the quintessential nineteenth-century European women, she possesses â€Å"the cardinal virtues of piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness† (Backman 735). Her husband, Torvald, provides for her, and in return she accepts her subordinate role as a housewife and mother. However, this superficially tranquil marriage is one constructed on guilt and duplicity. Nora and Torvald’s union was not spawned out of love and free-will, rather Nora was compelled to wed Torvald because he opted not to jail Nora’s father for criminal activities (Ibsen 35). Nora, despite outward appearances, did not enjoy being a wife to a man she considered a â€Å"stranger† (Ibsen 71). However, due to social pressures, she birthed his children andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1823 Words   |  8 PagesA Doll House is a play that was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1879. Nora Helmer is a wife and mother who secretly loaned money to save her husband’s, Torvald, life. Torvald views and treats Nora has a doll and she goes along with it. As conflict comes and goes Nora decides that her current life is not what she wants for herself. She no longer wants to be anyone’s â€Å"doll† and decides to leave her family in search of independence. This play was controversial during the time it was written becauseRead MoreThe Ethical And Social Responsibility Of The Mattel Toys1414 Words   |  6 PagesWhat comes to mind when thinking about childhood playtime? Memories of playing with Barbie and her dream house or racing Hot Wheel cars are most often thought about. Do you ever stop to think, where those toys were made, or if the company making them is ethical? Most consumers do not, however the leaders at Mattel do. Mattel knows they have an ethical and social responsibility to their customers. Their goal is to produce toys that are not only safe but also made at ethically run production facilitiesRead MoreMattel Case Study1250 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategies. This includes an integrated focus on the customer. One of the most significant ways this is accomplished is through market research in an attempt to satis fy the market’s wants by releasing new products annually. Mattel also follows a code of ethics, as well as requiring ethical actions of their suppliers. Such a move also helps ensure the positive perception of their company continues. Finally, Mattel contributes to the communities in which it operates, particularly to causes benefiting childrenRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause Of The United States Constitution1496 Words   |  6 Pagesbe several morals violations among citizens that must be addressed. Particularly, in this case on Religious Discrimination and Racial Harassment in the Workforce. Specific Issues Maalick Encountered in the Workplace Specific issues Marshawn DeMur encountered in his workplace are the company code of ethics violation, hostility in the workplace, racial harassment and or religious discrimination, safety violations, and misconduct. Most of these are Human Resource (HR) workplace ethic violations thatRead MoreHenrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House1433 Words   |  6 Pagesis an utmost characteristic an average individual tends to underestimate. It may seem as if individual morals go against the social appearance, but in value, individuals perceive a need for an appearance to convey a sense of belonging. Within two diverse yet similarly realist dramas, A Doll’s House and Death of a Salesman societal appearance’s stands above all else. Henrick Ibsens A Dolls House embarks on the gender fitting and domesticity of the Victorian Era at its worse as Nora Helmers unrealisticRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 PagesMa. Jennifer S. Yap Dr. Sherwin Perlas World Literature January 14, 2012 A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Translated by Rolf Fjelde I. Introduction During the late nineteenth century, women were enslaved in their gender roles and certain restrictions were enforced on them by a male dominant culture. Every woman was raised believing that they had neither self-control nor self-government but that they must yield to the control of a stronger gender. John Stuart Mill wrote in his essay, â€Å"The SubjectionRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1442 Words   |  6 Pagesand challenges of character, which reveals a profound message about courage. Various aspects in To Kill A Mockingbird, such as the dialogue and actions of Atticus Finch, Mrs. Dubose, and Boo Radley, suggest that to do what is right, one a person s courage is shown not only through physical, but emotional and mental strength even when at a disadvantage so they can do what must be done. The novel is told through the eyes of Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch, who narrates the story of her childhood in theRead MoreMattel Inc3110 Words   |  13 Pagestowards the community * Mattel recognizes international environment, different legal systems and cultural expectations, and the use of technology especially with regard to consumer privacy and has taken steps to strengthen its commitment to business ethics and social responsibility. * Mattel recently published its first â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility† report, including a strong statement about its commitment to economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities which includes commitmentRead MoreBarbie And Her Dream House Or Racing Hot Wheel Cars1983 Words   |  8 PagesMemories of playing with Barbie and her dream house or racing Hot Wheel cars are most often thought about when reflecting on your childhood. Have you ever stopped to think, where those toys were made, or if the company making them is ethical? Most consumers do not however the leaders at Mattel do. Mattel’s leaders know they have an ethical and social responsibility to their customers. Their goal is to produce toys that are not only safe but also made at ethically run production facilities. LeadersRead MoreCh 1 Need for Ethics8650 Words   |  35 PagesCritically About Ethical Issues, Seventh Edition By: Ruggiero  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008 I THE CONTEXT CHAPTER ONE THE NEED FOR ETHICS Why do we need ethics? We have laws to protect people’s rights. If the laws are enforced, what need have we of further rules? Ethics is the study of the choices people make regarding right and wrong. Each of us makes dozens of moral choices daily. Will we go to work or call in sick? Follow the research protocol or violate it? Put quotes around borrowed phrasing

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Platos Ideal State Example For Students

Platos Ideal State This paper will discuss the different parts of Platos ideal state, as well as link them to the normative concepts of Property, Common/Public Good, and Justice. The discussion of justice will be lengthier than the others, on the grounds that it is the basis for a great deal of the discussion contained in Platos Republic. Each concept will be specifically discussed in its relation to the ideal state, as well as its function within the society. Firstly, the state will consist of three parts. These parts will be kept separate so there will be no interference in their prescribed function. The three parts are as follows: rulers, who will attend to political affairs of the state, auxiliaries, who will protect the state, and craftsmen, who will provide their skills to the state. The citizens will be told a myth in order to control breeding outside of the class. A shortened version basically says that rulers have gold blood, auxiliaries have silver, and the craftsmen have bronze. When breeding takes place, it must be gold to gold, silver to silver, and bronze to bronze. However, Plato does allow the ideal that it is possible for gold blood to give birth to silver or bronze, and vice versa. The rulers and auxiliaries are actually divided from a previous class, in which they both belonged, called guardians. The guardians are the most intelligent and skilled. They will live together, and be educated together. When the education and training reaches a certain point, they will be divided into the two classes, rulers and auxiliaries. The rulers are selected by their superior skill and knowledge. They will move on to more academic education, while the auxiliaries will continue with more physical training. The rulers continued education would consist of mathematics as well as dialectic. After this period they will be returned to civilization in order to hold various positions in government. When they are at the age of fifty, they will be ready to be rulers. By this time, they will have acquired the four cardinal virtues: wisdom, courage, discipline, and justice. The cause of this lengthy education is to transform the future rulers into philosophers. The rulers of Platos ideal state are basically philosopher kings. The explanation for this is that philosophers love knowledge. A love of knowledge brings forth the seeking of more knowledge. While seeking this knowledge, the philosophers must understand the Forms. Forms are anything in its pure state, such as: Justice, Beauty, Size, etc In order to understand Forms you must understand why something has its assigned attribute. It must be understood what it is that makes something beautiful, or why something is large. The highest Form of all is Goodness. An analogy to help understand the Form of Goodness is this: Goodness is to knowledge as the sun is to sight. The sun gives us light, so that it might reflect off objects, allowing them to be seen. Goodness gives us truth, and truth in turn illuminates the Forms, making them intelligible, allowing knowledge to be gained from them. Therefore, philosophers are in constant search of Goodness, this is what separates them from the rest and gives them the ability to rule the state. Learning- loving philosophers actually benefit from the political responsibility forced upon them in gaining access to the greatest learning matter, the idea of the good. Secondly, we will discuss the craftsmen class. This class consists of everyone that is not an auxiliary or a ruler. Doctors, masons, carpenters, etc, will all be in this category. The Origin Of Our Ideas David Hume EssayNow, it will be discussed why Plato believed each one of these forms will fail. Firstly, Timocracy, is a state ruled by the military class. The auxiliaries do not have as much knowledge as the rulers, therefore they are more likely to make mistakes. Suppose they were to make a mistake in breeding. Out of this mistake could come a person with political power who possibly has bronze in their veins. This will lead to the ruling class to want property and private lives. This will lead to ambition, which will lead to courage and honor taking the place of wisdom and intelligence. Since the rulers of a state need the virtue of wisdom, the state has already become unjust. Oligarchy is a form of government that is ruled by the wealthy. Since rulers are chosen on the basis of their wealth, wealth is what is most important to them. This may cause them to rule unjustly. We now have a rich class and a poor class, which will always be plotting against each other. The unity of our state is now destroyed, as well as its justness. Next is the democracy, a form of government in which anyone can rule, regardless of qualifications. Politicians in a democracy are considered good leaders as long as they are friends to the people. Since everyone does as they like, t is not a unified state, where everyone has a duty, but more of a collection of anarchic states. Finally there is Tyranny, the worst of all forms, which is the rule of one by force. A tyrannies downfall is simple, the ruler is controlled by his desires, no matter what they may be, or who they may harm. A tyrant will use any force or means necessary in order to feed his lust, greed, and other evil desires. I enjoyed reading Platos Republic immensely, I think its his idealism I that attracts me to his way of thinking. I definitely have mixed feelings about the ideal state. Some things I like, and others scare me to death. I dont understand what keeps the rulers from wanting possessions, but I guess it is my love of privacy and property that hinders my sight. I also dont understand how the myth of the blood will endure their increasing knowledge. If the goal is to have a ruler with a love of knowledge, then someday they will awaken from their ignorance of the myth. Another thing I have wondered, is who will be qualified to teach the future rulers? How will these qualifications be decided? There are many flaws Platos ideal state, however, I have yet to see an idea that isnt.

Monday, December 2, 2019

The Problem of the Equity Construct

Introduction In this 21st century, it is a pity that the human species will still continue to suffer from the problems of equity and equality. The issues are pegged on superiority, values characteristics or even criteria used to elevate other human beings from the others. Well, these two aspects have been defined in different ways as shown below.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Problem of the Equity Construct-Race in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Definition of the Differences between â€Å"Equity† and â€Å"Equality Equity In most cases, it is seen as the state in which individuals enjoy more or less the same status within the society, in one respect or the other. This is evidenced through certain equality issues such as freedom of expression, freedom to vote, right to own property, and right to vote among other social privileges. Others also attempt to incorporate the concept of e quity in factors such as equal obligations and opportunities towards issues such as health care, access to basic amenities and education. In short, equity is used to refer to the absence of any kind of discrimination of caste/class hierarchy in the society (Brewer, 2006). Equality On the other hand, equality is seen to advocate for each individual to be treated fairly, regardless or his or her social economic, religious, sexual or gender orientation. It is centered toward sending issues of victimization, bullying, and harassment of any nature in the society or even the globe at large (Bannerji, 2000). In essence, this whole debates of equality and equity rotate on the fact that both of them are closely intertwined, that is, the presence or lack of equity in a community will mean that equality can be very difficult to achieve in that particular community. For example, if education is not equitably distributed to a particular race, gender, and state, then there may be less employment of people from that domain, thus, it be can concluded that there is no equality in job distribution. Therefore, the entire human race, especially this current generation should come together and wage a war to end the above social injustice (Brewer, 2006). Equity-Construct The concept of equity construct can be analyzed in terms of race, and how it has persistently continued to hinder some groups of people from attaining their goals in life. The problem of racism has been a big obstacle towards having a society with well developed skills through education.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, this has denied the United States chance to give other world economies a run for their money, in terms of human resource production. Indeed, today, the United States is experiencing the impact of having a segregative curriculum in the name of transmission-oriented that basically gav e the colored students and other poor students just the basic education at the expense of the rich and white children who were accorded a more thinking-oriented curriculum in their reserved schools (Brewer, 2006). My personal experience is based on a story of grief to the colored race in the United States, that is, the long history of racism that denied the parents and grand parents of the colored and poor people access to education mean that some sort of injustice is being exercised, in case we put these students together in the same class rooms. There are chances that the student whose parents never had proper education might not be so much interested in learning as they would lack the critical exposure to written words (Bannerji, 2000). As we all know, the manner in which the government has continued to allocate resources towards education has been on a downward trend, that is, statistics indicate that as early as 1979, â€Å"the government could take care of around 77% of the t otal college fees of the student† (Brewer, 2006). However, â€Å"in the last three decades we have witnessed these percentages drop to 33%† (Brewer, 2006). This would mean that the sons and daughters from poor families might end up in poverty because they do not have the chance to continue with their education (Bannerji, 2000). The race factor in the education sector is also very instrumental when one attempts to explain the reason why we witness bursting prisons in the United States. Indeed, a closer look at what the New York Times termed as the ‘prison nation’, One would realize that the biggest inhabitants are the colored men and women who are the products of school drop outs (Brewer, 2006). According to the global perspective, the United States of America is caught asleep by other countries, which are busy reviewing their education curriculum to meet the demands of the 21st century. In fact, these countries have continued to grant access to education to thousands of their inhabitants without any discrimination based on race. This can be used to explain the reason why the United States has lost ground from being the best, in terms of having the highest educated population down to the sixteenth position (McCarthy, 2005). What the above attempts to explain is that the colored people form large population in the United States, and the numbers expected to continue increasing by 2025. Therefore, since they have not acquired education due racism, then the entire country will feel this effect. It is predicted that by 2018, the United States may fail to provide over seven million professionals from its borders to provide labor to different lines of profession (Bannerji, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Problem of the Equity Construct-Race in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many people have argued that the reason why the United States is loos ing ground as compared to other world economies is that these other countries tend to put more emphasis on heavy investment and resources that are channeled towards education while in the US the trend is downward. In addition, it is very important to note that equity when in resources allocation is highly emphasized. What happens in these countries is that more resources are channeled to schools with the neediest students (Bannerji, 2000). The international student assessment (PISA) has been the latest proof of what race in the education sector can cause in the country. The assessment that was done in 2006, showed that the United States was struggling among the bottom ten nations. A closer look at the statistics indicated that the poor performance was as a result of the very low mean score that the United States had, after combining the grades of the whites, Asians, and the African Americans. Therefore, it is easy to recognize the enormous role played by race towards the performance of the United States (McCarthy, 2005). The greatest concern is the lagging trend of education achievement in the United States, that is, what was in the past could have been considered as a hub of democracy in attaining education, but it is on the contrary today. Other countries in the world are doing very well today in terms of comparing the rate of graduation between the United States and them. It can be realized that the other countries are doing better. This can be explained that the other countries are putting a lot of resources towards the education of ancient minorities and recent immigrants into their country (Bannerji, 2000). Shocking statistics indicate the magnitude of racism in the United States education sector. By 2005, it is only a small fraction of the African- America youths between the age bracket of 24 and 30 (McCarthy, 2005). In fact, only 17% had acquired their degree certificates (McCarthy, 2005). They are then closely followed by â€Å"the Hispanic youths wh o only 11% of the same age bracket had graduated from colleges† (McCarthy, 2005). This slim percentage of educated elites among their community is not enough, and something more drastic to reduce this issue should be adopted.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The bitter truth of racism presented in the United States was put by McCarthy’s book (McCarthy, 2005 ). It is from this book where it has been argued that there was a clear cut line that existed between the sub-urban schools and the urban schools. The urban schools used almost twice the resources allocated to schools their counterparts in the suburbs. For example, Goudy elementary school, which largely served the black continued to read books that dated back fifteen years old when the president of United States was still Richard Nixon, the impact of such under funding can prove to be very costly to the state when such schools ultimately produce half-backed intellectuals (Brewer, 2006 ). From a very recent survey conducted across twenty states, there was a clear revelation (Brewer, 2006 ). Tangible resources that count from the size of class room to sanitation facilities to computers and even text books. It was evidenced that among the schools, which served many students who w ere colored, there was considerably fewer of the above named resources as compared to those schools that had more of the white students. This can only mean one thing, performance among these schools can never be the same, thus putting the colored student vulnerable to school drop out (McCarthy, 2005). The explanation above has been a detailed look at the state of affair in the United States of America today. As it stands, it can be concluded that a lot is still desired, that is, despite the many efforts that several individual states have attempted to introduce to stop this social injustice, the federal government would also need to provide framework, in terms of policies and legislations to assist in this matter (McCarthy, 2005). Conclusion In sum, I learnt that while the perpetuators of racism in education think that they are punishing the colored or making them appear inferior, then they are mistaken. I believe that people who are loosing the most are people from America, both wh ites and colored. What individuals are loosing more is their national pride and supremacy at the global level. In fact, peace and security of the nation are at risk as the school drop outs tend to join criminal gangs and terrorize the community. Even if they are arrested, it is the taxpayers who continue to pay fore their upkeep in the prisons. Therefore, the nation can not continue this way, thus, individuals should advocate for an equitable and equal education for all. As leaders, the main concern will be to lobby for learning and teaching systems, which accord each student the chance to have equal opportunity to good education. It is also important to put emphasis on the well being of both the teacher and student, regardless of their race tribe religion or gender. The curriculum will also be reviewed to meet the desires and demands of the 21st century. References Bannerji, H. (2000). The Dark Side of the Nation: Essays on Multiculturalism, Nationalism, And Gender. Toronto: Canadi an Scholars’ Press. Brewer, R. (2006). Theorizing Race, Class and Gender: The New Scholarship of Black Feminist Intellectuals and Black Women’s Labour. New York, NY: Routledge. McCarthy, C. (2005). Race, Identity, and Representation in Education (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. This research paper on The Problem of the Equity Construct-Race in Society was written and submitted by user Salvador Buckley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.